一株产絮酵母菌废菌体对Cd2+的吸附特性

将一株产絮酵母菌(编号B-02号)发酵后的废菌体制成生物吸附剂,研究该生物吸附剂对废水中Cd2+的生物吸附特性。结果表明:(1)pH值对Cd2+会产生较大的影响,偏酸性(pH=4～6)条件利于吸附;该吸附剂对Cd2+吸附速率较快,8～10 min就可达到吸附平衡;(2)吸附剂的吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型,吸附Cd2+的实验数据对Langmuir等温式的拟合情况良好,吸附剂吸附Cd2+的最大吸附量为70.752 mg/g。用0.5 mol/L HNO3对吸附Cd2+的酵母菌进行解吸,解吸率可达89.7%。     

钢渣吸附处理苯酚废水的研究

采用恒温振荡的方法,考察了钢渣粒径、吸附温度、振荡速度、溶液pH值、溶液初始浓度对苯酚去除率的影响。结果表明,在粒径为120~180目、pH=4.0、苯酚溶液浓度在500 mg/L以内、苯酚/钢渣质量比为1∶1 000时吸附效果最好。钢渣对苯酚的吸附能较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线,线性相关系数分别为0.9971和0.9916,吸附机理为表面吸附。     

改性无纺布膜生物反应器处理聚酯工艺废水研究

采用自制壳聚糖改性聚丙烯无纺布膜为膜组件的A/O-MBR(厌氧/好氧-膜生物反应器)工艺对聚酯工艺废水的处理进行了研究,并与PVDF商品膜性能进行了比较研究。在近70 d的运行中,当进水COD在200~500 mg/L之间,总氮在30~45 mg/L之间波动时,2种平板膜出水水质稳定。出水COD40 mg/L,NH4+-N0.5 mg/L,TN5 mg/L,浊度0.2 NTU,均满足回用水水质要求和最新的辽宁省废水排放标准。实验中考察分析了污泥浓度和COD/TN对总氮去除率的影响。对比2种膜的运行结果,改性聚丙烯无纺布膜的出水水质略好于PVDF商品膜,但过膜压力稍大、膜通量稍小。     

Ag~+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚和乙硫醇吸附与光催化氧化研究

采用高温固相法合成具有不同Nb/Ti摩尔比的复合钛铌酸钾盐,通过Ag+离子交换对其进行改性。在静态下评价了Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚(DMS)和乙硫醇(EM)的吸附与紫外光催化氧化作用,使用红外光谱技术对催化剂表面滞留物种进行表征。结果表明,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对DMS的吸附作用力比EM弱。随着Nb/Ti摩尔比增加,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对EM的吸附作用力增强。在紫外光辐射下,Ag+改性的复合钛铌酸钾盐将DMS氧化为亚砜、砜和硫酸盐,而EM则被氧化为磺酸和单齿硫酸盐。     

Treatment of coking wastewater by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide

In this study the treatment of coking wastewater was investigated by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide. Particular attention was paid to the effect of initial pH, dosage of H₂O₂ and to improvement in biodegradation. The results showed that higher COD and total phenol removal rates were achieved with a decrease in initial pH and an increase in H₂O₂ dosage. At an initial pH of less than 6.5 and H₂O₂ concentration of 0.3 M, COD removal reached 44-50% and approximately 95% of total phenol removal was achieved at a reaction time of 1 h. The oxygen uptake rate of the effluent measured at a reaction time of 1 h increased by approximately 65% compared to that of the raw coking wastewater. This indicated that biodegradation of the coking wastewater was significantly improved. Several organic compounds, including bifuran, quinoline, resorcinol and benzofuranol were removed completely as determined by GC-MS analysis. The advanced Fenton oxidation process is an effective pretreatment method for the removal of organic pollutants from coking wastewater. This process increases biodegradation, and may be combined with a classical biological process to achieve effluent of high quality.     

Characteristics of springtime profiles and sources of ozone in the low troposphere over northern Taiwan

To quantify the possible sources of the high ambient ozone concentration in the low troposphere over Taiwan, ozone sounding data from a two-year intensive field measurement program conducted in April and early May of 2004 and 2005 in northern Taiwan has been examined. We found that the vertical ozone distributions and occurrence of enhanced ozone in the lower troposphere (below 6 km) mainly resulted from (1)Type NE: the long-range transport of ozone controlled by the prevailing northeasterly winds below 2 km, (2)Type LO: the local photochemical ozone production process, and (3)Type SW: the strong southwest/westerly winds aloft (2–6 km). In the boundary layer (BL), where Asian continental outflow prevails, the average profile for type NE is characterized by a peak ozone concentration of nearly 65 ppb at about 1500 m altitude. For type LO, high ozone concentration with an average ozone concentration greater than 80 ppb was also found in the BL in the case of stagnant atmospheric and sunny weather conditions dominated. For type SW, significant ozone enhancement with average ozone concentration of 70–85 ppb was found at around 4 km altitude. It is about 10 ppb greater than that of the types NE and LO at the same troposphere layer owing to the contribution of the biomass burning over Indochina. Due to Taiwan's unique geographic location, the complex interaction of these ozone features in the BL and aloft, especially features associated with northeasterly and south/southwesterly winds, have resulted in complex characteristics of ozone distributions in the lower troposphere over northern Taiwan.     

反渗透膜处理维生素C凝结水的最优工艺条件

针对维生素C生产工艺中产生的凝结水产量大、处理成本高、存储运输困难和营养物质含量偏低等问题，采用反渗透技术对VC凝结水进行处理。实验建立小试规模反渗透膜处理装置，采用无量纲化多元回归分析方法，分析了操作条件指标与渗透水评价指标两套指标体系之间的关系，定量评价了各个操作条件指标对渗透水评价指标的整体影响程度，并在此基础上研究了最佳操作条件的工艺参数。结果表明：建立的无量纲化多元回归分析方法切实有效，在正交实验设计水平范围内，压力、pH和回流比均是多目标系统的影响因子，操作条件指标对渗透水评价指标的整体影响程度大小顺序为：压力〉pH〉回流比〉温度，且各自影响程度所占比例分别为43．02％、29．01％、25．07％和2．89％。各个操作因子对多指标系统的影响是独立的。在只考虑系统收益而不考虑膜污染的情况下，最佳操作条件分别为：温度r=30．65，压力P=1．5MPa，回流比r=0．78，pH=7．475。     

改性多壁碳纳米管对水中Cd~（2＋）的去除

为了增加多壁碳纳米管（multiwall carbon nanotubers,MWNTs）对水中Cd2＋的吸附量,使用混酸对多壁碳纳米管进行氧化处理,采用红外光谱进行结果表征,并探讨了吸附时间、pH值和MWNTs的使用量、Cd2＋的浓度及干扰离子对镉离子吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附时间为1.5 h、pH为5.3、吸附效果最佳,随MWNTs量的增加Cd2＋去除量增加,共存的阳离子会降低对Cd2＋的吸附效果,对Cd2＋的吸附符合Longmuir吸附定律。研究同时表明,pH小于2时Cd2＋能容易从碳纳米管上解吸。初步探讨了Cd2＋吸附机制。     

西安市大气中多环芳烃的季节变化及健康风险评价

对西安市2009年6月-2010年5月空气中的总悬浮颗粒（TSP）和气态样品进行了连续采样，利用GC—MS对16种PAHs进行分析。∑PAHs浓度（气相＋颗粒相）范围为39．93～1032．46ng／m^3，平均值为197．34ng／m^3；其中，冬季大气中∑PAHs浓度最大，相对浓度的范围为31．21％～72．98％，而夏季的浓度最小；检测出16种2～6环的PAHs，其中以3—4环为主。利用特征分子比值法和因子分析进行源解析，发现研究区PAHs的主要来源为燃煤和机动车尾气排放。通过苯并（a）芘（BaP）等效毒性（BEQ）和苯并（a）芘等效致癌浓度（BaPE）进行健康风险评价，结果显示，西安大气中PAHs的毒性具有明显的季节差异，特别是秋季和冬季大气中PAHs对人类的健康存在较大的潜在威胁。     

Harvesting of Chlorella sp. using hollow fiber ultrafiltration

Introduction

The suitability of the application of ultrafiltration (UF) to harvest Chlorella sp. from the culture medium was examined. We investigated the effects of two improved UF system, forward air?Cwater flushing and backwash with permeate, on the concentration process.

Materials and methods

Backwash with permeate was selected as an optimization of the improved UF system, which was more effective for permeate flux recovery. Moreover, the hollow fiber UF system by adding periodical backwash with permeate was examined for Chlorella sp. harvesting.

Results and discussion

It was found that Chlorella sp. could be concentrated with high recovery in a lab-scale experiment. An overall algal biomass recovery of above 90% was achieved when the volume concentration factor was 10. For an original biomass of 1.3?±?0.05?g/L, 1?min backwash followed by 20?min forward concentrating was more effective, which resulted in a recovery of 94% and a high average flux of 30.3?L/m²/h. In addition, the algal recovery was highly correlated to the volume concentration factor and the initial biomass. A high concentration factor or a high initial biomass resulted in a low biomass recovery.